Dog Lick: Wounds, Saliva, Toes & Nitric Oxide? Is Wound Licking Safe?
The age-old question of whether a dog lick is a cure or a curse has intrigued pet owners for generations. Instinctively, we may see our canine companions lick their wounds, leading us to wonder if this behavior is beneficial or harmful. This article explores the science behind wound licking, examining the role of dog saliva, potential risks of infection, and prevention measures to ensure the health of both dog’s and human family members.
Understanding Wounds and Licking
How Dogs Lick Their Wounds
Dogs lick their wounds instinctively, a behavior rooted in their evolutionary past. When a dog sustains a wound, the urge to lick is driven by a need to clean the area and remove debris. Wound licking helps to soothe the discomfort, potentially providing temporary relief. However, excessive licking wounds can actually hinder the healing process, introducing bacteria and causing further irritation. It is essential to understand the fine line between natural instinct and harmful behavior.
The Role of Dog Saliva in Healing
Dog saliva contains a complex mix of substances. Some suggest that it possesses antibacterial properties. It is thought that dog saliva may contain certain enzymes and protein compounds that could promote antimicrobial action. Some studies have indicated the presence of nitric oxide in dog saliva, which may play a role in wound healing. However, it’s crucial to note that while saliva contains some beneficial components, the risks associated with licking wounds often outweigh the potential advantages.
Potential Risks of Wound Licking
While the notion of healing dog saliva persists, the reality involves significant risks. Dogs’ mouths are home to various types of bacteria. Some of these, such as streptococcus canis and even capnocytophaga canimorsus can be harmful, and transmit these bacterial organisms through licking wounds. These organisms can cause infection, especially in individuals with immunocompromise or diabetic patients who have neuropathy and are at higher risk. It’s important to remember that what might be harmless to a dog could be detrimental if they lick wounds on a human. Human saliva is also not appropriate for licking by dogs.
The Science Behind Dog Saliva
Components of Dog Saliva
Dog saliva is a complex biological fluid that contains a variety of components beyond just water. These include enzymes that aid in the digestion process, proteins with potential antimicrobial action, and electrolytes that maintain fluid balance. Saliva contains immunoglobulins, which may offer some antibacterial properties. However, the precise composition of dog saliva can vary depending on the dog’s breed, diet, and overall health. The presence of nitric oxide, often touted for its potential wound healing capabilities, has also been identified in dog saliva in some studies of veterinary medicine.
Nitric Oxide and Its Effects
Nitric oxide is a molecule naturally produced in the body that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including wound healing. It promotes blood vessel dilation, improving blood flow to the injured area, which is essential for tissue repair. Some studies suggest that the presence of nitric oxide in dog saliva may contribute to the perceived benefits of wound licking. However, it’s important to consider that while nitric oxide may aid in healing, it does not negate the risks of infection associated with bacteria that dogs transmit when they lick wounds.
Canine Bacteria in Saliva
Dogs’ mouths are home to a diverse range of types of bacteria, some of which are beneficial for their oral health, while others can pose a risk to both dogs and humans. Common canine bacterial species include streptococcus canis and capnocytophaga canimorsus, the latter being particularly concerning due to its potential to cause severe infection, especially in individuals with immunocompromise. When a dog licks wounds, these bacteria can be transmitted, increasing the risk of infection, ulcer and potentially even sepsis. Therefore, allowing a dog to lick their wounds or lick wounds on humans is generally discouraged.
Managing Wound Licking
How to Keep Your Dog from Licking Their Wounds
Preventing a dog from licking their wounds is crucial for proper healing and infection prevention. One of the most common and effective methods is using an Elizabethan collar. An Elizabethan collar, also known as a cone of shame, restricts the dog’s reach to the wound area, preventing them from excessive licking wounds. Proper fitting is essential to ensure the dog cannot bypass it. Dog saliva should not be used as a treatment for anything.
Alternatives to Prevent Licking
Beyond the Elizabethan collar, other alternatives can keep your dog from licking. Bandages and dressings provide a physical barrier, protecting the wound from dog saliva and external contaminants. Topical deterrents, available at veterinary clinics, can be applied to the area. The dog may dislike the taste, discouraging them from licking wounds. However, use such products with caution and under vet guidance, as some can be harmful if ingested in large quantities. A t-shirt or other garment can also protect the dog’s wound.
Signs of Infection from Licking
Recognizing signs of infection is critical when a dog licks wounds despite prevention efforts. Increased redness, swelling, pus, or a foul odor emanating from the wound are all potential indicators. The dog might exhibit increased pain, tenderness, or even fever. If any of these symptoms appear, immediate veterinary attention is necessary. Prompt treatment with antibiotics or other appropriate interventions can prevent the infection from escalating and causing further complications and sepsis.
Specific Cases: Licking Toes and Other Areas
Reasons Dogs Lick Their Toes
Toe licking in dogs can stem from various underlying causes. Allergies, both environmental and food-related, are a common culprit, leading to itchy paws that the dog attempts to soothe by licking. Other potential causes include skin infections, foreign objects lodged between the toes, or even underlying pain in the foot or leg. Behavioral issues, such as anxiety or boredom, can also manifest as compulsive toe licking in the canine pet.
When Licking Becomes a Problem
While occasional grooming licking is normal, excessive or persistent licking, particularly of the toes, indicates a problem. If the dog is constantly focused on licking, creating a wet, inflamed area, it is time to intervene. Dogs don’t have the same ability to self-assess as humans. The constant moisture can lead to secondary bacterial or fungal infections, exacerbating the issue. Furthermore, the underlying cause, such as allergies or pain, needs to be addressed by a veterinarian. Human saliva would not be used to treat these conditions.
Solutions for Toe Licking
Addressing toe licking involves identifying and treating the root cause. If allergies are suspected, a veterinarian can perform allergy testing and recommend appropriate dietary or environmental modifications. Medicated shampoos or topical treatments can help manage skin infections. For behavioral issues, enrichment activities, such as increased exercise and interactive toys, can help alleviate boredom and anxiety. In some cases, an Elizabethan collar may be necessary to break the licking habit while the underlying issue is addressed. If the dog is diabetic, you may need to evaluate the current medications. A good veterinary medicine practice will work for the animal’s benefit.