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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Early identification can prevent severe health consequences and improve outcomes. This article provides guidance on how to recognize the signs of DKA and the initial steps for treatment.
Signs and Symptoms of DKA
Common signs include rapid breathing, excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, and abdominal pain. Patients may also experience confusion, weakness, or fruity-smelling breath. Recognizing these symptoms early is crucial for timely intervention.
How to Recognize DKA
Diagnosis involves blood tests showing high blood glucose levels, elevated ketones, and acidosis. A blood pH below 7.3 and increased anion gap are typical indicators. Monitoring these parameters helps confirm the presence of DKA.
Treatment of DKA
Immediate treatment includes fluid replacement to address dehydration, insulin therapy to reduce blood glucose and ketone production, and electrolyte correction. Close monitoring of blood glucose, ketones, and electrolytes guides ongoing management.
- Administer intravenous fluids
- Provide insulin therapy
- Correct electrolyte imbalances
- Monitor vital signs regularly
- Address underlying causes